If the wheelset, axle box, traction motor and other parts of the running part of diesel locomotive break down, the steward is often unable to deal with it by himself. However, due to the limitations of site, equipment, time and other factors, it is often impossible to carry out maintenance in accordance with the normal locomotive maintenance process for the locomotive running part fault, and some special measures must be taken to quickly restore the basic running function of the locomotive, so as to make the locomotive return or attached to the back section. As a locomotive steward, I must have a certain understanding of the common faults and rescue methods in the running department of diesel locomotive.

Locomotive fault running stocks on-site rescue, the main equipment and tools required are: electric welding machine, oxyacetylene cutting equipment, 30 t jack, hammer, wrench, scraper, oil stone, crowbar, wire rope, flashlights and special equipment (internally from the foot wheel, the wheel for hanging round pin, turnbuckle rope, rope shim, adjustable height mat iron, nylon brake shoe, 30 ~ 50 mm and 500 mm diameter iron rod, axle box spring clasp pin and string), etc. These equipment and tools are fully prepared and kept by the rescue team to ensure that they can be used at any time.

There are seven kinds of common faults in the running part of diesel locomotive: rolling and burning of axle bush, burning of axle box bearing, burning of traction motor bearing, flaring of tire, flaking of tire, flaring of gear and flaring of axle box spring.

1. Roll and burn the axle bush

After rolling and burning the axle holding bush, it is easy to strain the axle holding journal and scrap the wheelset. If not treated in a timely manner, wheel shaft due to dry friction and heat, heat transfer to the gear and axle box heat failure or even combustion, further development of gear relaxation and axle hot malignant accident, therefore must be treated in a timely manner. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) slowly move the locomotive to the position where there is a trench in the station (section), and do a good job in preventing the locomotive from slipping.

(2) remove the gear box, remove the oil box of the axle, and take out the lower tile and oil absorber.

(3) move the axle slowly and check whether the surface of the axle journal is seriously strained. If the strain is serious and there is tungsten gold on the surface, it should be polished with a whetstone.

(4) under the motor, a tie is loaded on the edge of the trench inside the rail, and the traction motor is jacked up to remove the upper tile.

(5) check the state of the bush and oil absorber, and investigate the cause of burning. If the bearing bush is only rolled without burning, scrape the tile with a scraper. If the burning is serious, replace the bush.

(6) clean the axle oil box.

(7) assemble axle holding bush, axle holding oil box and gear box. Increase the wetting clearance of the axle holding bush to about 1.0mm (after the upper bush is installed, the jack shall be removed and the lower bush shall be assembled).

(8) install a new oil absorber in the oil box of the axle holder and inject clean shaft oil; Inject gear oil (grease) into gear box as required.

The traction motor corresponding to the fault wheelset is thrown off, and the locomotive speed limit is 50km/h, and then the return section is thoroughly treated.

2. Axle box bearing burns out

The common failure of axle box bearing is that the outer row bearing is burnt out, and occasionally the inner and outer row bearing is burnt out and collapsed at the same time, which seriously causes the axle box and wheelset to be fixed together and unable to run. If only the outer row of bearing collapse, you can open the axle box cover, remove burned out of the bearing debris, for the part stuck in the axle box is not easy to take out, you can use oxyacetylene cutting equipment cut off; If the bearing inner ring is flaccid, cut it out. Locomotive can not continue to pull the train, the single-engine speed limit back to the section. If the bearing is badly burnt, the wheelset and axle box must be suspended and the speed limit should be returned to the section. The on-site treatment method is as follows:

(1) locomotive with no revocation hole in axle box stop shall be treated as follows:

(1) remove the two hydraulic shock absorbers of the fault wheelset (1, 3 wheelsets), remove the two bolts at the bottom of the wheelset left and right axle box end cover, and replace them with special rescue bearing lifting bolts;

(2) use 30t jack to jack up the wheelset around the axle box, the axle box spring with a special clamp;

(3) put the turnbuckle rope on the lifting bolt, and hang it on the suspension seat of the hydraulic shock absorber of the frame (put a special rope pad iron on the suspension seat) or hang it on the special round pin (2 wheelsets) in the lifting hole of the traversing locomotive, tighten the positive and negative rope nut;

(4) in the same bogie other axle box and frame between the gaps between the special height into the pad iron (pay attention to the thickness of the pad iron to be consistent); After removing the jack, check the failure wheelset tread should be about 50 ~ l00mm high derailment surface.

(2) has a bearing on the axle box holder revoked fault round the hole, you should use 30 t jack (2 or 4) will frame or malfunction wheel on the axle box jacking, the axle box end pin hole and frame stop pin hole alignment, then bearing hanging round pin inserted directly in the pin hole, through the small pin, again in the same bogie of the gap between wheel axle box and the architecture of other hitting adjustable height shim. After removing the jack, check the failure wheelset tread should be about 50 ~ l00mm high derailment surface.

Finally, shake off the traction motor of the faulty wheelset, adjust the brake shoe clearance to the maximum, remove the brake shoe, and the locomotive speed limit is 30km/h. When running, firstly check whether there are abnormal phenomena on both sides of the locomotive to ensure the safety of driving.

3. Hoop crack

After the hoop is cracked, the faulty wheelset needs to be suspended, and the rescue treatment method is the same as the treatment method of axle box bearing burning loss.

4. Tire relaxation

Tire flaccid faults are often found when a locomotive is stopped in a station or checked by a driver after reaching a turning section. If found in operation, the driver should shake off the corresponding traction motor, enter the inner line of the station at a slow speed and stop, and request rescue. After the rescue workers arrive at the scene, the technical staff will first investigate the cause of the failure, and then follow the following steps to deal with it.

(1) measure the inner distance of the wheelset hoop and confirm whether it is within the prescribed range of 1350 ~ 1353mm.

(2) if the tire is slightly relaxed and the inner distance is not more than 1353mm, it can be left untreated or welded together with the tire and the wheel core in three places on the outside of the tire. However, the traction motor of the faulty wheelset must be thrown off to adjust the brake shoe clearance to the maximum.

(3) if the hoop outside leap up and the inner distance exceeds the limit, the left axle box shall be jacked up with 4 30t jins, so that the wheelset hoop tread is about 10mm higher than the rail, nylon brake shoe shall be replaced, 5 other traction motors shall be discarded, and wheel stop shall be made. After the winch is filled with air, close the locomotive running circuit switch and lift the controller handle (or handwheel) to 1 position to make the faulty wheelset idle. After confirming that the wheelset rotates normally and the jack support is stable, lift the controller handle to the 2nd or 3rd position to increase the idling speed of the wheelset before braking. The pressure of the brake cylinder is gradually reached and maintained between 100 and 150kPa, and the tire is heated to expand and relax. Reset the driver controller handle to zero to ease the braking. Use the iron rod with a diameter of 30 ~ 50mm on the outside surface of the hoop, hit the iron rod with a sledgehammer, and pay attention to strike evenly on the left and right, to prevent the hoop from getting stuck. After the hoop is driven, the inner distance shall be measured within the specified range; otherwise, the above method shall be continued until qualified. In order to ensure absolute safety, the wheel band and wheel core were finally welded together, the brake shoe clearance was adjusted to the maximum, the brake shoe was removed, the jack was removed, the traction motor of the faulty wheelset was removed, the working state of other traction motors was restored, and the locomotive was returned to the single section for further treatment.

5. Gear relaxation

If the current of the traction motor fluctuates abnormally after the gear relaxation of the wheelset gear or the traction motor, the driver shall first shake off the traction motor and maintain it to the station (section) before requesting rescue. The gear relaxation of traction motor is more common than that of wheelset. Rescue teams received rescue orders, to carry oxygen acetylene cutting equipment. The site treatment is simple, after unloading the gear box, the traction motor gear cut into 2 to 3 pieces, smashed off and then installed on the gear box. When cutting the traction motor gears, please have a fire extinguisher ready to prevent grease burning and fire. Finally, the traction motor is shaken off and the segment is thoroughly treated. If there is no underground trench at the stop (section), the faulty wheelset must be suspended and the speed limit is sent back. The treatment method is the same as the treatment method of axle box bearing burning loss.

6. Traction motor bearing burnt

After the failure of traction motor bearing burning, the driver should maintain the locomotive running, do not stop, and quickly contact the station in front, enter the station inside line to stop, to prevent blocking the main line, and then request rescue. The on-site treatment method is the same as the gear relaxation treatment method. If there is a trench for maintenance in the station (section), the traction motor gear is cut off. If there is no trench, the fault wheelset is suspended and the speed limit is sent back. When sending back, be sure to shake off the faulty motor.

7. Axle box spring chute or fly out

Axle box spring out of the groove, the axle box spring with a special clamp (pull ring or string pin), and then use 30t jins jacking frame, axle box spring, and then slowly land bogie, so that the axle box spring seat positioning column pin into the framework of the positioning slot. Finally, lower the jack and take off the special fixture. After the axle box spring flies, must first prepare with the special clamp good spring group, then according to the above method processing.

The above 7 running part fault rescue methods are some simple and effective rescue measures, but they are not the only on-site solution. The rescue must be handled flexibly according to the actual situation on the scene. What need to emphasize is, when spot rescue must be careful, discreet, prevent an accident to enlarge or the happening of secondary accident. If necessary, the technician should accompany the vehicle for inspection and guidance.